Governing AI in Morocco: Between Digital Sovereignty and Ethics

By Achoui Rabab, PhD candidate in Political Science

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming international power dynamics and presenting unprecedented challenges for states. Major powers are heavily investing in this technology, making AI a strategic tool for economic, diplomatic, and military influence. In this context, Morocco is undertaking an ambitious digital modernization drive, led by its Morocco Digital 2030 strategy, aimed at strengthening technological sovereignty, fostering innovation, and preparing citizens for future jobs and skills. The Kingdom also seeks to enhance its role in Africa as a regional hub for technology and digital innovation.
However, adopting AI is not merely a technological matter; it raises significant ethical issues. Transparency, algorithmic fairness, data protection, and bias prevention are central challenges, in line with UNESCO and OECD recommendations. Morocco faces specific challenges: dependence on foreign technology providers, limited cybersecurity infrastructure, and the absence of a dedicated AI law. These gaps could undermine the Kingdom’s digital sovereignty and expose society to ethical, social, and economic risks. For instance, automating public services or implementing intelligent tools in the banking sector could generate inequalities if access to training and technology is not equitable.
In this framework, education plays a key role. Training citizens in digital skills, critical thinking, and AI ethics is essential to build a population capable of actively participating in technological and political decision-making. Integrating AI modules into school and university curricula, providing continuous teacher training, and raising public awareness are crucial levers for responsible governance. Strengthening digital education can also promote active and informed citizenship, able to understand the socio-political implications of AI.
Morocco thus has a strategic opportunity: by combining technological innovation with ethical principles, it can develop a sovereign, responsible, and socially beneficial AI ecosystem. The success of this ambition depends on establishing a clear regulatory framework aligned with international standards and ensuring active citizen engagement through digital education. In the long term, the Kingdom can not only enhance its international competitiveness but also serve as a regional model for ethical and sovereign AI, adapted to African and Mediterranean contexts.
Key References: – UNESCO (2021). AI and Education: Guidance for Policy-Makers. Paris, France. – OECD (2019). OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence. Paris, France. – Ministry of Digital Transition and Administrative Reform (2024). Morocco Digital 2030. Rabat, Morocco. – CNDP Morocco (2023). Protection of Personal Data in Morocco. Rabat, Morocco.